Review 1-9

Card Design

Color-code Parts of Speech

Card Front

Dictionary Information

Abbreviate

Macrons (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)

All

Essential (2nd conjugation infinitives)

Total Words Learned: 199

Comprising Chapters 1-9

I. Read the words outloud.
It's true that you will never need to speak to an ancient Roman (unless you learn how to time-travel, in which case please bring me along). However, don't underestimate the importance of pronunciation— it's crucial for understanding components of Latin, especially when you learn new endings to form plural nouns and verb tenses.

There's a reason we spend so much time chanting the words in class. Don't just glaze over the words and make a "blah blah" sound in your head. Remember, the letters in Latin follow consistent rules (unlike in English). Review pronunciation rules here.

II. Write the words down.
You don't necessarily need to make your own hand-written flashcards (it still would be a good idea!) but consider having someone else say the words or press the audio buttons while you write down both the Latin word and its English meaning.

III. Pay attention to parts of speech.
Terms are color-coded by parts of speech:

Verbs
Nouns & Pronouns
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Interjections

You will need to provide dictionary information (the elements other than the head word) starting in Chapter 4 and beyond. Knowing a word's part of speech will help you recognize patterns and translate at a faster rate. Trust me.

IV. Draw nouns.
Who said studying has to be boring? Draw pictures of the nouns, and label them in Latin, of course. I am always happy to see students' creativity at work."

V. Act out verbs.
If you need a break from writing, give kinesthetic learning a shot. Say a verb in Latin while acting it out.

VI. Pay extra attention to adverbs and conjunctions !
Students frequently miss these parts of speech on assessments because they are harder to visualize in comparison to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Honestly, you might just need to chant and write them over and over until they stick.

VII. Beware of hindsight bias.
Often, students make the mistake of thinking that they know the English meanings of words when they really don't.

What happens is that students will flip over a card and recognize the correct answer, but they don't truly know the correct answer. Remember, vocabulary quizzes are NOT multiple choice. They require students to produce the correct answer in writing, not identify the correct answer from a set. So before you hastily flip over a card, make sure that you say or write your answer first. If your answer doesn't match the back of the card, you don't know it well enough.

VIII. Avoid meaningless memorization shortcuts.
Remembering that the Latin word for "to live" (habitō, habitāre) starts with the letter "h" might help you on a quiz in the short term, but what about when you learn habeō, habēre? Making sure you thoroughly know a word will pay off in the long run. This is one reason saying the word outloud is helpful. Account for every syllable and for every letter.

IX. Learn derivatives.
Derivatives are English words that come from Latin words. As it turns out, Latin isn't so dead after all!

Example: An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live. (habitō, habitāre = to live)

The SPA Latin teachers have provided some English derivatives in small gray print on the back side of the cards. You can earn extra points on quizzes by providing these (with correct spelling).

n.b. Sometimes, words change meanings over time, so derivatives might not always be helpful. For example, the English word "trade" comes from the Latin "tradō, tradere" which originally meant "to give," rather than "to exchange." All derivatives provided on this site are "safe."

X. Study English to Latin.
You typically will only have to translate from Latin to English. However, if you study English to Latin, this will help ensure that you know the words really well. This is a more difficult skill that takes longer to achieve, even for Latin teachers.

Review 1-9

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

adhūc

still

aestāte

in the summer

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

Adverbs can be placed at the beginning or end of the sentence.

age

(to one person)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

ager,
agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

agite

(to multiple people)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

aliī...aliī

some...others

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

Flavia puella altera est.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: alter, altera, alterum
(Abbreviated: alter, -a, -um)
alter → masculine
altera → feminine
alterum → neuter

In the example sentence above, altera is chosen to modify puella because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative examples below:

Example 1: Masculine
alter puer ambulat.

Example 2: Neuter
alterum templum est.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

alius, alia, aliud

ambulō,
ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

Arbor magna est.

An arboretum is a garden full of trees.
An arborist is someone who specializes in taking care of trees.

All nouns in Latin have gender, even if they are inanimate objects or intangible ideas.
Often, nouns that end in -a are feminine, but this is a case in which we just have to memorize the gender with the English meaning.

arripiō,
arrip‍ere

to grab

ascendō,
ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

brevi tempore

in a short time

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

cavē

(to one person)

be careful!

celeriter

quickly

cibus,
cib‍ī m.

food

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

cum

(takes ablative)

with

cūr...?

why...?

Cūr legis?

cūrō,
cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

dē

(takes ablative)

down from

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

deinde

then

diēs,
di‍ēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

discēdō,
discēd‍ere

to depart

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dormiō,
dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

Dum Cornelia legit, Flavia scribit.

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ecce

look!

Ecce! puellae ambulant.

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eō,
īre

to go

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

est

(from sum, esse)

he/she/it is

and

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

etiam

also

Cornelia puella etiam est.

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

festīnō,
festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

fragor,
fragōris m.

crash

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

gemō,
gem‍ere

to groan

habitō,
habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live.

hīc

here

hodiē

today

hortus,
hort‍ī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

iam

now

Flavia iam sedet sub arbore.

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

igitur

therefore

ignāvus,
ignāv‍a,
ignāv‍um

cowardly, lazy

(with ablative)

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

(with accusative)

into

induō,
indu‍ere

to put on

inquit

he/she/it says

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

iterum

again

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

Laeta est Flavia.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: laetus, laeta, laetum
(Abbreviated: laetus, -a, -um)
laetus → masculine
laeta → feminine
laetum → neuter

In the example sentence above, laeta is chosen to modify Flavia because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative example below:

Example
Laetus est Marcus.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

    </div>
  </div>
</div>

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

lentē

slowly

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

lūdō,
lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

lupus,
lup‍ī m.

wolf

magnā voce

in a loud voice

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mē

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

mihi

for me

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

molestus,
molest‍a,
molest‍um

annoying

mox

soon

multī,
mult‍ae,
mult‍a

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

nam

because

necesse est

it is necessary

nēmō,
neminis m./f.

no one

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

nōbīs

for us

nōlō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I don't want

nōmine

named

Puella, nomine Flavia, sedet sub arbore.

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō,
observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

omnēs m./f.

(alone/as a noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(alone/as a noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

perterritus,
perterrit‍a,
perterrit‍um

frightened

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pictūra,
pictūr‍ae f.

picture

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

potest

(from possum, posse)

he/she/it can

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

pro

(takes ablative)

for

prōmittō,
prōmitt‍ere

to promise

prope

(takes accusative)

near

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

pūrgō,
pūrg‍āre

to clean

derivatives: purge, puragatory

quae (f.)

who

qui (m.)

who

quod

(conjunction)

because

quoque

also

rāmus,
rām‍ī m.

branch

redeō,
redīre

to return

repellō,
repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rivus,
riv‍ī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

rūsticus,
rūstic‍a,
rūstic‍um

country

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

saepe

often

salūtō,
salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

salvē

hello

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

sed

but

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

strēnuus,
strēnu‍a,
strēnu‍um

energetic

derivative: strenuous

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum,
esse

to be

Cornelia puella est.

In Latin, just like in English, we have verbs that aren't formed — orconjugated — normally. These are called irregular verbs. In English, we say

I am
you are
it is, etc.

NOT

I is
you am
it be

sum, esse is conjugated as follows:

	Singular	Plural
1st person	sum = I am	sumus = we are
2nd person	es = you are	estis = y'all are
3rd person	est = she is	sunt = they are

Infinitive: esse = to be

Practice the "Esse Chant" to drill how sum is conjugated in the present.

sunt

(from sum, esse)

they are

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

suus,
su‍a,
su‍um

his, her, its (own)

tacē!

(to one person)

be quiet!

taceō,
tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

tacēte!

(to multiple people)

be quiet!

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tē

you

note: direct object

temerārius,
temerāri‍a,
temerāri‍um

reckless

derivative: temerity

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

toga,
tog‍ae f.

toga

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

tū

you

note: subject

tum

then

tunica,
tunic‍ae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

(conjunction)

when

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

vexō,
vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

vīcīnus,
vīcīn‍a,
vīcīn‍um

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

volō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I want

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

vult

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it wants

Sort:

Alphabetically

By Parts of Speech

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

adhūc

still

aestāte

in the summer

age

(to one person)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

ager,
agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

agite

(to multiple people)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

aliī...aliī

some...others

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

ambulō,
ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

arripiō,
arrip‍ere

to grab

ascendō,
ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

brevi tempore

in a short time

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

cavē

(to one person)

be careful!

celeriter

quickly

cibus,
cib‍ī m.

food

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

cum

(takes ablative)

with

cūr...?

why...?

cūrō,
cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

dē

(takes ablative)

down from

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

deinde

then

diēs,
di‍ēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

discēdō,
discēd‍ere

to depart

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dormiō,
dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ecce

look!

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eō,
īre

to go

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

est

(from sum, esse)

he/she/it is

and

etiam

also

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

festīnō,
festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

fragor,
fragōris m.

crash

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

gemō,
gem‍ere

to groan

habitō,
habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

hīc

here

hodiē

today

hortus,
hort‍ī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

iam

now

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

igitur

therefore

ignāvus,
ignāv‍a,
ignāv‍um

cowardly, lazy

(with ablative)

(with accusative)

into

induō,
indu‍ere

to put on

inquit

he/she/it says

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

iterum

again

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

lentē

slowly

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

lūdō,
lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

lupus,
lup‍ī m.

wolf

magnā voce

in a loud voice

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mē

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

mihi

for me

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

molestus,
molest‍a,
molest‍um

annoying

mox

soon

multī,
mult‍ae,
mult‍a

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

nam

because

necesse est

it is necessary

nēmō,
neminis m./f.

no one

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

nōbīs

for us

nōlō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I don't want

nōmine

named

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō,
observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

omnēs m./f.

(alone/as a noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(alone/as a noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

perterritus,
perterrit‍a,
perterrit‍um

frightened

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pictūra,
pictūr‍ae f.

picture

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

potest

(from possum, posse)

he/she/it can

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

pro

(takes ablative)

for

prōmittō,
prōmitt‍ere

to promise

prope

(takes accusative)

near

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

pūrgō,
pūrg‍āre

to clean

derivatives: purge, puragatory

quae (f.)

who

qui (m.)

who

quod

(conjunction)

because

quoque

also

rāmus,
rām‍ī m.

branch

redeō,
redīre

to return

repellō,
repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rivus,
riv‍ī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

rūsticus,
rūstic‍a,
rūstic‍um

country

saepe

often

salūtō,
salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

salvē

hello

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sed

but

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

strēnuus,
strēnu‍a,
strēnu‍um

energetic

derivative: strenuous

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum,
esse

to be

sunt

(from sum, esse)

they are

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

suus,
su‍a,
su‍um

his, her, its (own)

tacē!

(to one person)

be quiet!

taceō,
tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

tacēte!

(to multiple people)

be quiet!

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tē

you

note: direct object

temerārius,
temerāri‍a,
temerāri‍um

reckless

derivative: temerity

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

toga,
tog‍ae f.

toga

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

tū

you

note: subject

tum

then

tunica,
tunic‍ae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

(conjunction)

when

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

vexō,
vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

vīcīnus,
vīcīn‍a,
vīcīn‍um

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

volō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I want

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

vult

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it wants

Verbs

ambulō,
ambul‍āre

to walk

derivatives: amble, ambulatory

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

arripiō,
arrip‍ere

to grab

ascendō,
ascend‍ere

to go up, climb up

derivative: ascension

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

cūrō,
cūr‍āre

to take care of

derivative: curator

discēdō,
discēd‍ere

to depart

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

dormiō,
dorm‍īre

to sleep

derivatives: dormant, dormitory

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

eō,
īre

to go

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

festīnō,
festin‍āre

to hurry/rush

gemō,
gem‍ere

to groan

habitō,
habit‍āre

to live

derivative: uninhabitable

induō,
indu‍ere

to put on

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

lūdō,
lud‍ere

to play

derivative: ludicrous

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

observō,
observ‍āre

to watch

derivative: observatory

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

prōmittō,
prōmitt‍ere

to promise

pūrgō,
pūrg‍āre

to clean

derivatives: purge, puragatory

redeō,
redīre

to return

repellō,
repell‍ere

to drive away

derivative: repulsive

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

salūtō,
salūt‍āre

to greet

derivatives: salutation, salutatorian

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

sum,
esse

to be

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

taceō,
tac‍ēre

to be quiet

derivative: tact

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

vexō,
vex‍āre

to annoy

derivatives: vexatious, vexation

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

Verbs (Conjugated)

age

(to one person)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

agite

(to multiple people)

hurry up! come on!

derivative: agitation

cavē

(to one person)

be careful!

est

(from sum, esse)

he/she/it is

inquit

he/she/it says

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

nōlō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I don't want

potest

(from possum, posse)

he/she/it can

sunt

(from sum, esse)

they are

tacē!

(to one person)

be quiet!

tacēte!

(to multiple people)

be quiet!

volō (alone)

(1st person singular)

I want

vult

(3rd person singular)

he/she/it wants

Nouns

ager,
agrī m.

field

derivatives: agriculture, agrarian

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

cibus,
cib‍ī m.

food

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

diēs,
di‍ēī m.

day

derivative: diurnal

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

fragor,
fragōris m.

crash

hortus,
hort‍ī m.

garden

derivative: horticulture

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

lupus,
lup‍ī m.

wolf

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

nēmō,
neminis m./f.

no one

nihil (n.)

nothing

note: can be nominative or accusative

derivatives: annihilate, nihilist

omnēs m./f.

(alone/as a noun)

everyone

omnia n.

(alone/as a noun)

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

pictūra,
pictūr‍ae f.

picture

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

rāmus,
rām‍ī m.

branch

rivus,
riv‍ī m.

stream

note: not river

derivative: rivulet

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

toga,
tog‍ae f.

toga

tunica,
tunic‍ae f.

tunic

derivative: tunicate

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

Pronouns

eam (f.)

her

note: accusative

eās (f.)

them

note: accusative

ego

derivatives: egocentric, egotistical

eius

his/hers/its

note: (of him/her/it)

eōs (m.)

them

note: accusative

eum (m.)

him

note: accusative

mē

mihi

for me

nōbīs

for us

nōs

we/us

note: can be nominative or accusative

quae (f.)

who

qui (m.)

who

tē

you

note: direct object

tū

you

note: subject

vōs

you all

note: can be nominative or accusative

Adjectives

aliī...aliī

some...others

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

ignāvus,
ignāv‍a,
ignāv‍um

cowardly, lazy

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

molestus,
molest‍a,
molest‍um

annoying

multī,
mult‍ae,
mult‍a

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

omnēs, omnia

(adjective)

every, all

perterritus,
perterrit‍a,
perterrit‍um

frightened

rūsticus,
rūstic‍a,
rūstic‍um

country

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

strēnuus,
strēnu‍a,
strēnu‍um

energetic

derivative: strenuous

suus,
su‍a,
su‍um

his, her, its (own)

temerārius,
temerāri‍a,
temerāri‍um

reckless

derivative: temerity

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

vīcīnus,
vīcīn‍a,
vīcīn‍um

neighboring, nearby

derivative: vicinity

Adverbs

adhūc

still

aestāte

in the summer

celeriter

quickly

cūr...?

why...?

deinde

then

etiam

also

fūrtim

sneakily

derivatives: furtive, furtively

hīc

here

hodiē

today

iam

now

ibi

there

iterum

again

lentē

slowly

mox

soon

nōmine

named

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

quoque

also

saepe

often

semper

always

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

statim

immediately

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

subito

suddenly

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tum

then

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

Prepositions

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

cum

(takes ablative)

with

dē

(takes ablative)

down from

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

(with ablative)

(with accusative)

into

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

pro

(takes ablative)

for

prope

(takes accusative)

near

sine

(takes ablative)

without

sub

(takes ablative)

under

Prepositional Phrases

ad Rōmam‍

(accusative singular)

to Rome

ad urbem‍

(accusative singular)

to the city

ad vīllam‍

(accusative singular)

to the house

ad vīllās‍

(accusative plural)

to the houses

ex agrīs‍

(ablative plural)

out of the fields

ex agrō‍

(ablative singular)

out of the field

in pictūr‍ā

(ablative singular)

in the picture

in piscinā‍

(ablative singular)

in the fishpond

in piscinam‍

(accusative singular)

into the fishpond

per silvam‍

(accusative singular)

through the woods

Rōmam‍

(accusative singular)

to Rome

sub arbore‍

(ablative singular)

under the tree

Conjunctions

dum

while

and

igitur

therefore

nam

because

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

quod

(conjunction)

because

sed

but

sī

ubi

(conjunction)

when

Interjections

ecce

look!

salvē

hello

valē

goodbye

derivative: valedictorian

Composite

mēcum

with me

note: mecum combines mē + cum (with) into one word

Other Phrases

brevi tempore

in a short time

magnā voce

in a loud voice

necesse est

it is necessary

Settings

Total Words Learned: 199

Comprising Chapters 1-9

Example Sentence

Translation Tip

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Latin Adjectives

Translation Tip

Synonym

Example Sentence

Derivatives

Why feminine?

Example Sentence

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Derivatives

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

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Latin Adjectives

Translation Tip

Example Sentence

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Irregular Verb Tea

Verbs

Verbs (Conjugated)

Nouns

Pronouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Prepositions

Prepositional Phrases

Conjunctions

Interjections

Composite

Other Phrases