Cumulative

Card Design

Color-code Parts of Speech

Card Front

Dictionary Information

Abbreviate

Macrons (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)

All

Essential (2nd conjugation infinitives)

Total Words Learned: 247

Comprising Chapters 1-26 (special selections)

Last Updated: 12/15/2025

I. Read the words outloud.
It's true that you will never need to speak to an ancient Roman (unless you learn how to time-travel, in which case please bring me along). However, don't underestimate the importance of pronunciation— it's crucial for understanding components of Latin, especially when you learn new endings to form plural nouns and verb tenses.

There's a reason we spend so much time chanting the words in class. Don't just glaze over the words and make a "blah blah" sound in your head. Remember, the letters in Latin follow consistent rules (unlike in English). Review pronunciation rules here.

II. Write the words down.
You don't necessarily need to make your own hand-written flashcards (it still would be a good idea!) but consider having someone else say the words or press the audio buttons while you write down both the Latin word and its English meaning.

III. Pay attention to parts of speech.
Terms are color-coded by parts of speech:

Verbs
Nouns & Pronouns
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Interjections

You will need to provide dictionary information (the elements other than the head word) starting in Chapter 4 and beyond. Knowing a word's part of speech will help you recognize patterns and translate at a faster rate. Trust me.

IV. Draw nouns.
Who said studying has to be boring? Draw pictures of the nouns, and label them in Latin, of course. I am always happy to see students' creativity at work."

V. Act out verbs.
If you need a break from writing, give kinesthetic learning a shot. Say a verb in Latin while acting it out.

VI. Pay extra attention to adverbs and conjunctions !
Students frequently miss these parts of speech on assessments because they are harder to visualize in comparison to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Honestly, you might just need to chant and write them over and over until they stick.

VII. Beware of hindsight bias.
Often, students make the mistake of thinking that they know the English meanings of words when they really don't.

What happens is that students will flip over a card and recognize the correct answer, but they don't truly know the correct answer. Remember, vocabulary quizzes are NOT multiple choice. They require students to produce the correct answer in writing, not identify the correct answer from a set. So before you hastily flip over a card, make sure that you say or write your answer first. If your answer doesn't match the back of the card, you don't know it well enough.

VIII. Avoid meaningless memorization shortcuts.
Remembering that the Latin word for "to live" (habitō, habitāre) starts with the letter "h" might help you on a quiz in the short term, but what about when you learn habeō, habēre? Making sure you thoroughly know a word will pay off in the long run. This is one reason saying the word outloud is helpful. Account for every syllable and for every letter.

IX. Learn derivatives.
Derivatives are English words that come from Latin words. As it turns out, Latin isn't so dead after all!

Example: An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live. (habitō, habitāre = to live)

The SPA Latin teachers have provided some English derivatives in small gray print on the back side of the cards. You can earn extra points on quizzes by providing these (with correct spelling).

n.b. Sometimes, words change meanings over time, so derivatives might not always be helpful. For example, the English word "trade" comes from the Latin "tradō, tradere" which originally meant "to give," rather than "to exchange." All derivatives provided on this site are "safe."

X. Study English to Latin.
You typically will only have to translate from Latin to English. However, if you study English to Latin, this will help ensure that you know the words really well. This is a more difficult skill that takes longer to achieve, even for Latin teachers.

Cumulative

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

absum,
abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

adhūc

still

adsum,
adesse

to be present

adveniō,
adven‍īre

to arrive

aedificium,
aedifici‍ī n.

building

derivative: edify

agō,
ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

alius,
ali‍a,
ali‍ud

other, another

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

Flavia puella altera est.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: alter, altera, alterum
(Abbreviated: alter, -a, -um)
alter → masculine
altera → feminine
alterum → neuter

In the example sentence above, altera is chosen to modify puella because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative examples below:

Example 1: Masculine
alter puer ambulat.

Example 2: Neuter
alterum templum est.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

alius, alia, aliud

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus,
anim‍ī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

appropinquō,
appropinqu‍āre

to approach

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

Arbor magna est.

An arboretum is a garden full of trees.
An arborist is someone who specializes in taking care of trees.

All nouns in Latin have gender, even if they are inanimate objects or intangible ideas.
Often, nouns that end in -a are feminine, but this is a case in which we just have to memorize the gender with the English meaning.

atque

and, and also

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

aut

aut...aut

either...or

auxilium,
auxili‍ī n.

help

derivative: auxiliary

bene

well

brevis,
brev‍is,
brev‍e

short

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

caelum,
cael‍ī n.

sky

caput,
capitis n.

head

derivative: capital

caupō,
caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna,
caupon‍ae f.

inn

celeriter

quickly

cena,
cen‍ae f.

dinner

certe

certainly

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

corpus,
corporis n.

body

derivative: corporate, corporeal, corpse

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

cum

(conjunction)

when

cum

(takes ablative)

with

custōdiō,
custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

custos,
custodis m.

guard

derivative: custody, custodian

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

dēbeō,
deb‍ēre

ought

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

deinde

then

dīcō,
dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

diū

for a long time

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

doleō,
dol‍ēre

to be sad

dominus,
domin‍ī m.

master

derivative: dominate

domus,
dom‍ūs f.

house, home

derivative: domicile

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

Dum Cornelia legit, Flavia scribit.

enim

for, in fact

eō,
īre

to go

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus,
equ‍ī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

and

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

etiam

also, even

Cornelia puella etiam est.

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

exspectō,
exspect‍āre

to wait for

extra

(takes accusative)

outside of, beyond

fabula,
fabul‍ae f.

story

derivatives: fable, fabulous

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

ferō,
ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

ferō, ferre is an irregular verb, so we need to memorize its forms. Maybe this song will help you:

filia,
fili‍ae f.

daughter

filius,
fili‍ī m.

son

fortasse

maybe

fortis,
fort‍is,
fort‍e

brave, strong

frater,
fratris m.

brother

derivative: fraternity

fugiō,
fug‍ere

to flee

gaudium,
gaudi‍ī n.

joy, delight

gladius,
gladi‍ī m.

sword

Graecus,
Graec‍a,
Graec‍um

Greek

habeō,
hab‍ēre

to have, hold

heri

yesterday

hīc

here

hic,
haec,
hoc

this

hodiē

today

homō,
hominis m.

person

hospes,
hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iaciō,
iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

iam

now, already

Flavia iam sedet sub arbore.

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

igitur

therefore

ille,
illa,
illud

that, he/she/it

(with ablative)

in, on

Cornelia in vīllā rūstica aestāte habitat.

(with accusative)

into

ingens, ingentis

huge

intereā

meanwhile

intra

(takes accusative)

within, inside

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō,
inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

īra,
īr‍ae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

itaque

and so

iter,
itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

iterum

again

iubeō,
iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

Laeta est Flavia.

A common pattern of Latin adjectives is -us/-r, -a, -um (2-1-2) in which the forms are presented in the masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Example: laetus, laeta, laetum
(Abbreviated: laetus, -a, -um)
laetus → masculine
laeta → feminine
laetum → neuter

In the example sentence above, laeta is chosen to modify Flavia because -a is the feminine ending. Consider the alternative example below:

Example
Laetus est Marcus.

Adjectives often come after the noun they modify. Watch out for adjectives that are predicate nominatives.

    </div>
  </div>
</div>

lapis,
lapidis m.

stone

laudō,
laud‍āre

to praise

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

liber,
libr‍ī m.

book

derivatives: library, librarian

līberī,
līber‍ōrum m.

children

licet,
lic‍ēre

it is allowed

note: takes dative and infinitive

lūdus,
lūd‍ī m.

school

lux,
lucis f.

light

derivatives: translucent, lucid, illucidate/elucidate

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

malus,
mal‍a,
mal‍um

bad

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

manus,
man‍ūs f.

hand

derivative: manual, manumission

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

maximus,
maxim‍a,
maxim‍um

greatest, biggest, largest

medius,
medi‍a,
medi‍um

mid-, middle of

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

miles,
militis m.

soldier

derivatives: military

minime!

no!

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

mors,
mortis f.

death

note: gen. pl. --> mortium

moveō,
mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

mox

soon

multus,
mult‍a,
mult‍um

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

nam

because

narrō,
narr‍āre

to tell (a story)

derivatives: narrate, narration, narrative, narrator

necō,
nec‍āre

to kill

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nisi

unless, if...not, except

nōlō,
nolle

to not want

nomen,
nominis n.

name

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

noster,
nostr‍a,
nostr‍um

our

novus,
nov‍a,
nov‍um

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nox,
noctis f.

night

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

numquam

never

oculus,
ocul‍ī m.

eye

olim

once (upon a time)

omnis,
omn‍is,
omn‍e

every, all

onus,
oneris n.

load, burden

optimus,
optim‍a,
optim‍um

best, very good

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

pecunia,
pecuni‍ae f.

money

derivative: pecuniary

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

perīculum,
perīcul‍ī n.

danger

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

plēnus,
plēn‍a,
plēn‍um

full

derivative: plenary

poeta,
poet‍ae m.

poet

pōnō,
pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum,
posse

to be able

derivative: possible

post

(takes accusative)

after

praeclārus,
praeclār‍a,
praeclār‍um

famous

primus,
prim‍a,
prim‍um

first

derivative: primal, primary, prime

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

prope

(takes accusative)

near

propter

(takes accusative)

on account of, because of

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

quam...!

so...!

quamquam

although

quid agis?

How are you?

quod

(conjunction)

because

quoque

also

raeda,
raed‍ae f.

carriage

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō,
respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rogō,
rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

Rōmānus,
Rōmān‍a,
Rōmān‍um

Roman

saepe

often

scelestus,
scelest‍a,
scelest‍um

wicked

sciō,
sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

Cornelia legit et Flavia scribit.

sed

but

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

senātor,
senātōris m.

senator

senatus,
senat‍ūs m.

Senate

derivative: senate

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

sordidus,
sordid‍a,
sordid‍um

dirty

soror,
sororis f.

sister

derivative: sorority

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

stō,
st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

stultus,
stult‍a,
stult‍um

stupid, foolish

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum,
esse

to be

Cornelia puella est.

In Latin, just like in English, we have verbs that aren't formed — orconjugated — normally. These are called irregular verbs. In English, we say

I am
you are
it is, etc.

NOT

I is
you am
it be

sum, esse is conjugated as follows:

	Singular	Plural
1st person	sum = I am	sumus = we are
2nd person	es = you are	estis = y'all are
3rd person	est = she is	sunt = they are

Infinitive: esse = to be

Practice the "Esse Chant" to drill how sum is conjugated in the present.

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

taberna,
tabern‍ae f.

shop

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tantus,
tant‍a,
tant‍um

so great, such a big

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terra,
terr‍ae f.

earth, ground

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

totus,
tot‍a,
tot‍um

all, the whole

derivative: total

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō,
trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

tum

then

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

(conjunction)

when

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valde

very, very much

vehementer

violently, very, hard

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

vester,
vestr‍a,
vestr‍um

your (pl.)

via,
vi‍ae f.

road

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

vix

scarcely, with difficulty, only just

vocō,
voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō,
velle

to want

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

Sort:

Alphabetically

By Parts of Speech

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

absum,
abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

adhūc

still

adsum,
adesse

to be present

adveniō,
adven‍īre

to arrive

aedificium,
aedifici‍ī n.

building

derivative: edify

agō,
ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

alius,
ali‍a,
ali‍ud

other, another

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus,
anim‍ī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

appropinquō,
appropinqu‍āre

to approach

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

atque

and, and also

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

aut

aut...aut

either...or

auxilium,
auxili‍ī n.

help

derivative: auxiliary

bene

well

brevis,
brev‍is,
brev‍e

short

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

caelum,
cael‍ī n.

sky

caput,
capitis n.

head

derivative: capital

caupō,
caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna,
caupon‍ae f.

inn

celeriter

quickly

cena,
cen‍ae f.

dinner

certe

certainly

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

corpus,
corporis n.

body

derivative: corporate, corporeal, corpse

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

cum

(conjunction)

when

cum

(takes ablative)

with

custōdiō,
custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

custos,
custodis m.

guard

derivative: custody, custodian

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

dēbeō,
deb‍ēre

ought

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

deinde

then

dīcō,
dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

diū

for a long time

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

doleō,
dol‍ēre

to be sad

dominus,
domin‍ī m.

master

derivative: dominate

domus,
dom‍ūs f.

house, home

derivative: domicile

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

dum

while

enim

for, in fact

eō,
īre

to go

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus,
equ‍ī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

and

etiam

also, even

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

exspectō,
exspect‍āre

to wait for

extra

(takes accusative)

outside of, beyond

fabula,
fabul‍ae f.

story

derivatives: fable, fabulous

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

ferō,
ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

filia,
fili‍ae f.

daughter

filius,
fili‍ī m.

son

fortasse

maybe

fortis,
fort‍is,
fort‍e

brave, strong

frater,
fratris m.

brother

derivative: fraternity

fugiō,
fug‍ere

to flee

gaudium,
gaudi‍ī n.

joy, delight

gladius,
gladi‍ī m.

sword

Graecus,
Graec‍a,
Graec‍um

Greek

habeō,
hab‍ēre

to have, hold

heri

yesterday

hīc

here

hic,
haec,
hoc

this

hodiē

today

homō,
hominis m.

person

hospes,
hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iaciō,
iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

iam

now, already

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

ibi

there

igitur

therefore

ille,
illa,
illud

that, he/she/it

(with ablative)

in, on

(with accusative)

into

ingens, ingentis

huge

intereā

meanwhile

intra

(takes accusative)

within, inside

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō,
inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

īra,
īr‍ae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

itaque

and so

iter,
itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

iterum

again

iubeō,
iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

lapis,
lapidis m.

stone

laudō,
laud‍āre

to praise

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

liber,
libr‍ī m.

book

derivatives: library, librarian

līberī,
līber‍ōrum m.

children

licet,
lic‍ēre

it is allowed

note: takes dative and infinitive

lūdus,
lūd‍ī m.

school

lux,
lucis f.

light

derivatives: translucent, lucid, illucidate/elucidate

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

malus,
mal‍a,
mal‍um

bad

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

manus,
man‍ūs f.

hand

derivative: manual, manumission

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

maximus,
maxim‍a,
maxim‍um

greatest, biggest, largest

medius,
medi‍a,
medi‍um

mid-, middle of

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

miles,
militis m.

soldier

derivatives: military

minime!

no!

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

mors,
mortis f.

death

note: gen. pl. --> mortium

moveō,
mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

mox

soon

multus,
mult‍a,
mult‍um

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

nam

because

narrō,
narr‍āre

to tell (a story)

derivatives: narrate, narration, narrative, narrator

necō,
nec‍āre

to kill

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nisi

unless, if...not, except

nōlō,
nolle

to not want

nomen,
nominis n.

name

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

noster,
nostr‍a,
nostr‍um

our

novus,
nov‍a,
nov‍um

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nox,
noctis f.

night

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

numquam

never

oculus,
ocul‍ī m.

eye

olim

once (upon a time)

omnis,
omn‍is,
omn‍e

every, all

onus,
oneris n.

load, burden

optimus,
optim‍a,
optim‍um

best, very good

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

pecunia,
pecuni‍ae f.

money

derivative: pecuniary

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

perīculum,
perīcul‍ī n.

danger

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

plēnus,
plēn‍a,
plēn‍um

full

derivative: plenary

poeta,
poet‍ae m.

poet

pōnō,
pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum,
posse

to be able

derivative: possible

post

(takes accusative)

after

praeclārus,
praeclār‍a,
praeclār‍um

famous

primus,
prim‍a,
prim‍um

first

derivative: primal, primary, prime

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

prope

(takes accusative)

near

propter

(takes accusative)

on account of, because of

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

quam...!

so...!

quamquam

although

quid agis?

How are you?

quod

(conjunction)

because

quoque

also

raeda,
raed‍ae f.

carriage

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō,
respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rogō,
rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

Rōmānus,
Rōmān‍a,
Rōmān‍um

Roman

saepe

often

scelestus,
scelest‍a,
scelest‍um

wicked

sciō,
sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sed

but

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

semper

always

senātor,
senātōris m.

senator

senatus,
senat‍ūs m.

Senate

derivative: senate

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

sī

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

sine

(takes ablative)

without

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

sordidus,
sordid‍a,
sordid‍um

dirty

soror,
sororis f.

sister

derivative: sorority

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

statim

immediately

stō,
st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

stultus,
stult‍a,
stult‍um

stupid, foolish

sub

(takes ablative)

under

subito

suddenly

sum,
esse

to be

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

taberna,
tabern‍ae f.

shop

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tantus,
tant‍a,
tant‍um

so great, such a big

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terra,
terr‍ae f.

earth, ground

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

totus,
tot‍a,
tot‍um

all, the whole

derivative: total

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō,
trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

tum

then

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

ubi

(conjunction)

when

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

valde

very, very much

vehementer

violently, very, hard

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

vester,
vestr‍a,
vestr‍um

your (pl.)

via,
vi‍ae f.

road

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

vix

scarcely, with difficulty, only just

vocō,
voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō,
velle

to want

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

Verbs

absum,
abesse

to be away

derivative: absent

adsum,
adesse

to be present

adveniō,
adven‍īre

to arrive

agō,
ag‍ere

to do, drive, act

amō,
am‍āre

to love/like

appropinquō,
appropinqu‍āre

to approach

audiō,
aud‍īre

to hear

derivatives: audition, audience

cadō,
cad‍ere

to fall

derivatives: decadent, cadence, cascade

clāmō,
clām‍āre

to shout

derivative: exclamatory

cōnspiciō,
cōnspic‍ere

to notice

derivative: conspicuous

custōdiō,
custōd‍īre

to guard

derivative: custody

dēbeō,
deb‍ēre

ought

dīcō,
dīc‍ere

to say

derivatives: dictator, contradiction

doceō,
doc‍ēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

doleō,
dol‍ēre

to be sad

dūcō,
dūc‍ere

to lead

derivatives: productive, conducive, conductor, induce

eō,
īre

to go

errō,
err‍āre

to wander, to be mistaken

derivative: erroneous

exspectō,
exspect‍āre

to wait for

faciō,
fac‍ere

to make, do

derivatives: manufacture, effect, confection

ferō,
ferre

to bring

derivative: reference

fugiō,
fug‍ere

to flee

habeō,
hab‍ēre

to have, hold

iaciō,
iac‍ere

to throw

derivatives: eject, projector

intrō,
intr‍āre

to enter

inveniō,
inven‍īre

to find

derivative: invention

iubeō,
iub‍ēre

to order

labōrō,
labōr‍āre

to work

derivative: elaborate

lacrimō,
lacrim‍āre

to cry

derivative: lacrimose

laudō,
laud‍āre

to praise

legō,
leg‍ere

to read

derivatives: illegible, lecture

licet,
lic‍ēre

it is allowed

note: takes dative and infinitive

maneō,
man‍ēre

to stay, remain

derivative: mansion

mittō,
mitt‍ere

to send

derivative: mission

moveō,
mov‍ēre

to move

derivative: motion

narrō,
narr‍āre

to tell (a story)

derivatives: narrate, narration, narrative, narrator

necō,
nec‍āre

to kill

nōlō,
nolle

to not want

parō,
par‍āre

to prepare

derivative: preparatory

petō,
pet‍ere

to look for, to head for

derivatives: petition, appetite

pōnō,
pōn‍ere

to put, place

derivatives: position, component

portō,
port‍āre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

possum,
posse

to be able

derivative: possible

reprehendō,
reprehend‍ere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

respondeō,
respond‍ēre

to reply

derivative: responsive

revocō,
revoc‍āre

to call back

derivative: irrevocable

rīdeō,
rīd‍ēre

to laugh, smile

derivatives: derision, ridiculous

rogō,
rog‍āre

to ask

derivative: interrogate

sciō,
sc‍īre

to know

derivatives: science, omniscient, prescient

scrībō,
scrīb‍ere

to write

derivatives: scribe, scribble, script

sedeō,
sed‍ēre

to sit

derivatives: sedentary, session, sessile

servō,
serv‍āre

to save

derivatives: servant, conserve, reserve

spectō,
spect‍āre

to watch

derivatives: specter, inspector

stō,
st‍āre

to stand

derivative: station

sum,
esse

to be

surgō,
surg‍ere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

temptō,
tempt‍āre

to try

derivative: temptation

teneō,
ten‍ēre

to hold

derivative: container

terreō,
terr‍ēre

to scare, frighten

derivative: terrify

timeō,
tim‍ēre

to fear, be afraid of

trādō,
trād‍ere

to hand over

derivatives: traitor, tradition

trahō,
trah‍ere

to drag, pull

derivative: protracted

veniō,
ven‍īre

to come

derivatives: intervention, convenient

videō,
vid‍ēre

to see

derivatives: vision, evidence

vocō,
voc‍āre

to call

derivatives: vocation, invoke

volō,
velle

to want

Nouns

aedificium,
aedifici‍ī n.

building

derivative: edify

amīca,
amīc‍ae f.

friend

derivative: amicable

amīcus,
amīc‍ī m.

friend

derivative: amicable

ancilla,
ancill‍ae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

animus,
anim‍ī m.

mind

derivative: animosity

aqua,
aqu‍ae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

arbor,
arboris f.

tree

derivatives: arboretum, arborist

auxilium,
auxili‍ī n.

help

derivative: auxiliary

caelum,
cael‍ī n.

sky

caput,
capitis n.

head

derivative: capital

caupō,
caupōnis m.

innkeeper

caupōna,
caupon‍ae f.

inn

cena,
cen‍ae f.

dinner

clāmor,
clāmōris m.

uproar, noise, ruckuss, hubbub

corpus,
corporis n.

body

derivative: corporate, corporeal, corpse

cubiculum,
cubicul‍ī n.

bedroom

derivative: cubicule

custos,
custodis m.

guard

derivative: custody, custodian

dominus,
domin‍ī m.

master

derivative: dominate

domus,
dom‍ūs f.

house, home

derivative: domicile

epistula,
epistul‍ae f.

letter

derivatives: epistle, epistolary

equus,
equ‍ī m.

horse

derivative: equestrian

fabula,
fabul‍ae f.

story

derivatives: fable, fabulous

fēmina,
fēmin‍ae f.

woman

derivative: feminine

filia,
fili‍ae f.

daughter

filius,
fili‍ī m.

son

frater,
fratris m.

brother

derivative: fraternity

gaudium,
gaudi‍ī n.

joy, delight

gladius,
gladi‍ī m.

sword

homō,
hominis m.

person

hospes,
hospitis m./f.

host or guest

derivative: hospitality

iānua,
iānu‍ae f.

door

derivative: January

īra,
īr‍ae f.

anger, wrath

derivative: ire

iter,
itineris n.

journey

derivative: itinerary

lapis,
lapidis m.

stone

liber,
libr‍ī m.

book

derivatives: library, librarian

līberī,
līber‍ōrum m.

children

lūdus,
lūd‍ī m.

school

lux,
lucis f.

light

derivatives: translucent, lucid, illucidate/elucidate

manus,
man‍ūs f.

hand

derivative: manual, manumission

māter,
mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

miles,
militis m.

soldier

derivatives: military

mors,
mortis f.

death

note: gen. pl. --> mortium

nomen,
nominis n.

name

nox,
noctis f.

night

oculus,
ocul‍ī m.

eye

onus,
oneris n.

load, burden

pater,
patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

pecunia,
pecuni‍ae f.

money

derivative: pecuniary

perīculum,
perīcul‍ī n.

danger

poeta,
poet‍ae m.

poet

prīnceps,
prīncipis m.

emperor

derivative: principality

puella,
puell‍ae f.

girl

puer,
puer‍ī m.

boy

raeda,
raed‍ae f.

carriage

senātor,
senātōris m.

senator

senatus,
senat‍ūs m.

Senate

derivative: senate

servus,
serv‍ī m.

slave

derivatives: servitude, servile

soror,
sororis f.

sister

derivative: sorority

taberna,
tabern‍ae f.

shop

tempus,
temporis n.

time

derivative: contemporary

terra,
terr‍ae f.

earth, ground

urbs,
urbis f.

city

derivatives: urbane, suburb

via,
vi‍ae f.

road

vīlla,
vīll‍ae f.

house

vir,
vir‍ī m.

man

vox,
vocis f.

voice

derivative: vocalize

Pronouns

hic,
haec,
hoc

this

ille,
illa,
illud

that, he/she/it

Adjectives

alius,
ali‍a,
ali‍ud

other, another

alter,
alter‍a,
alter‍um

other, another

brevis,
brev‍is,
brev‍e

short

dēfessus,
dēfess‍a,
dēfess‍um

tired

fortis,
fort‍is,
fort‍e

brave, strong

Graecus,
Graec‍a,
Graec‍um

Greek

īrātus,
īrāt‍a,
īrāt‍um

angry

derivative: irate

laetus,
laet‍a,
laet‍um

happy

magnus,
magn‍a,
magn‍um

big, loud, great

derivative: magnanimous

malus,
mal‍a,
mal‍um

bad

maximus,
maxim‍a,
maxim‍um

greatest, biggest, largest

medius,
medi‍a,
medi‍um

mid-, middle of

meus,
me‍a,
me‍um

miser,
miser‍a,
miser‍um

unhappy

derivative: immiserate

multus,
mult‍a,
mult‍um

many

derivatives: multitude, multiply

noster,
nostr‍a,
nostr‍um

our

novus,
nov‍a,
nov‍um

new

derivatives: novelty, novice

nūllus,
nūll‍a,
nūll‍um

no, not any

derivative: nullify

omnis,
omn‍is,
omn‍e

every, all

optimus,
optim‍a,
optim‍um

best, very good

plēnus,
plēn‍a,
plēn‍um

full

derivative: plenary

praeclārus,
praeclār‍a,
praeclār‍um

famous

primus,
prim‍a,
prim‍um

first

derivative: primal, primary, prime

Rōmānus,
Rōmān‍a,
Rōmān‍um

Roman

scelestus,
scelest‍a,
scelest‍um

wicked

solus,
sol‍a,
sol‍um

alone

derivatives: solitude, solitary

sordidus,
sordid‍a,
sordid‍um

dirty

stultus,
stult‍a,
stult‍um

stupid, foolish

tantus,
tant‍a,
tant‍um

so great, such a big

totus,
tot‍a,
tot‍um

all, the whole

derivative: total

tuus,
tu‍a,
tu‍um

your

vester,
vestr‍a,
vestr‍um

your (pl.)

Adverbs

adhūc

still

bene

well

celeriter

quickly

certe

certainly

crās

tomorrow

derivative: procrastinate

deinde

then

diū

for a long time

etiam

also, even

fortasse

maybe

heri

yesterday

hīc

here

hodiē

today

iam

now, already

ibi

there

intereā

meanwhile

itaque

and so

iterum

again

mox

soon

nōn

not

nōn iam

no longer

nōndum

not yet

numquam

never

olim

once (upon a time)

quam...!

so...!

quoque

also

saepe

often

semper

always

simul

together, at the same time

derivative: simultaneous

statim

immediately

subito

suddenly

tamen

however

tandem

at last

tum

then

ubi

(adverb)

where

ubi...?

where...?

valde

very, very much

vehementer

violently, very, hard

vix

scarcely, with difficulty, only just

Prepositions

ā/ab

(takes ablative)

from, away from

(takes accusative)

to, toward, at

cum

(takes ablative)

with

dē

(takes ablative)

down from, about

ē/ex

(takes ablative)

out of

extra

(takes accusative)

outside of, beyond

(with ablative)

in, on

(with accusative)

into

intra

(takes accusative)

within, inside

per

(takes accusative)

through, along

post

(takes accusative)

after

prope

(takes accusative)

near

propter

(takes accusative)

on account of, because of

sine

(takes ablative)

without

sub

(takes ablative)

under

Conjunctions

atque

and, and also

aut

aut...aut

either...or

cum

(conjunction)

when

dum

while

enim

for, in fact

and

igitur

therefore

nam

because

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nisi

unless, if...not, except

quamquam

although

quod

(conjunction)

because

sed

but

sī

ubi

(conjunction)

when

Interjections

minime!

no!

Other Phrases

quid agis?

How are you?

Settings

Total Words Learned: 247

Comprising Chapters 1-26 (special selections)

Last Updated: 12/15/2025

Example Sentence

Latin Adjectives

Translation Tip

Synonym

Example Sentence

Derivatives

Why feminine?

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Fero Song

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Latin Adjectives

Translation Tip

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Example Sentence

Irregular Verb Tea

Verbs

Nouns

Pronouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Prepositions

Conjunctions

Interjections

Other Phrases