Chapter 6

Color-code Parts of Speech

Abbreviate Dictionary Info

Macrons (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū)

All

Essential (2nd conjugation verbs)

Additional Resources:

I. Read the words outloud.
It's true that you will never need to speak to an ancient Roman (unless you learn how to time-travel, in which case please bring me along). However, don't underestimate the importance of pronunciation— it's crucial for understanding components of Latin, especially when you learn new endings to form plural nouns and verb tenses.

There's a reason we spend so much time chanting the words in class. Don't just glaze over the words and make a "blah blah" sound in your head. Remember, the letters in Latin follow consistent rules (unlike in English). Review pronunciation rules here.

II. Write the words down.
You don't necessarily need to make your own hand-written flashcards (it still would be a good idea!) but consider having someone else say the words or press the audio buttons while you write down both the Latin word and its English meaning.

III. Pay attention to parts of speech.
Terms are color-coded by parts of speech:

Verbs
Nouns & Pronouns
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Interjections

You will need to provide dictionary information (the colored info on the back of the cards) starting in Chapter 3 and beyond. Knowing a word's part of speech will help you recognize patterns and translate at a faster rate. Trust me.

IV. Draw nouns.
Who said studying has to be boring? Draw pictures of the nouns, and label them in Latin, of course. I am always happy to see students' creativity at work. Additional drawing activities can be found at the top of the page under "Print-Offs."

V. Act out verbs.
If you need a break from writing, give kinesthetic learning a shot. Say a verb in Latin while acting it out.

VI. Pay extra attention to adverbs and conjunctions !
Students frequently miss these parts of speech on assessments because they are harder to visualize in comparison to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Honestly, you might just need to chant and write them over and over until they stick.

VII. Beware of hindsight bias.
Often, students make the mistake of thinking that they know the English meanings of words when they really don't.

What happens is that students will flip over a card and recognize the correct answer, but they don't truly know the correct answer. Remember, vocabulary quizzes are NOT multiple choice. They require students to produce the correct answer in writing, not identify the correct answer from a set. So before you hastily flip over a card, make sure that you say or write your answer first. If your answer doesn't match the back of the card, you don't know it well enough.

VIII. Avoid meaningless memorization shortcuts.
Remembering that the Latin word for "to live" (habitō, habitāre) starts with the letter "h" might help you on a quiz in the short term, but what about when you learn habeō, habēre? Making sure you thoroughly know a word will pay off in the long run. This is one reason saying the word outloud is helpful. Account for every syllable and for every letter.

IX. Learn derivatives.
Derivatives are English words that come from Latin words. As it turns out, Latin isn't so dead after all!

Example: An uninhabitable place is where nothing can live. (habitō, habitāre = to live)

The SPA Latin teachers have provided some English derivatives in small gray print on the back side of the cards. You can earn extra points on quizzes by providing these (with correct spelling).

n.b. Sometimes, words change meanings over time, so derivatives might not always be helpful. For example, the English word "trade" comes from the Latin "tradō, tradere" which originally meant "to give," rather than "to exchange." All derivatives provided on this site are "safe."

X. Study English to Latin.
You typically will only have to translate from Latin to English. However, if you study English to Latin, this will help ensure that you know the words really well. This is a more difficult skill that takes longer to achieve, even for Latin teachers.

Chapter 6

adiuvō

adiuvāre

to help

ancilla

ancillae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua

aquae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

cibus

cibī m.

food

coquō

coquere

to cook

cūrō

cūrāre

to take care of

derivative: curator

doceō

docēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

etiam

also, even

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

māter

mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mox

soon

necesse est

it is necessary

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nōndum

not yet

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō

observāre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs

omnia

every, all

omnēs

m./f.

everyone

omnia

everything

pater

patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through

portō

portāre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

pūrgō

pūrgāre

to clean

reprehendō

reprehendere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

surgō

surgere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

tamen

however

Sort:

Alphabetically

By Parts of Speech

adiuvō

adiuvāre

to help

ancilla

ancillae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua

aquae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

cibus

cibī m.

food

coquō

coquere

to cook

cūrō

cūrāre

to take care of

derivative: curator

doceō

docēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

etiam

also, even

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

māter

mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

mox

soon

necesse est

it is necessary

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

nōndum

not yet

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

observō

observāre

to watch

derivative: observatory

omnēs

omnia

every, all

omnēs

m./f.

everyone

omnia

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

pater

patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

per

(takes accusative)

through

portō

portāre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

pūrgō

pūrgāre

to clean

reprehendō

reprehendere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

surgō

surgere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

tamen

however

Verbs

adiuvō

adiuvāre

to help

coquō

coquere

to cook

cūrō

cūrāre

to take care of

derivative: curator

doceō

docēre

to teach

derivatives: docile, doctrine

observō

observāre

to watch

derivative: observatory

portō

portāre

to carry

derivatives: teleportation, comportment

pūrgō

pūrgāre

to clean

reprehendō

reprehendere

to scold

derivative: reprehensible

surgō

surgere

to get up

derivatives: insurgency, resurrection

Verbs (Conjugated)

lūcet

(3rd person singular)

it is light/day

Infinitives

adiuvāre

first conjugation

to help

coquere

third conjugation

to cook

cūrāre

first conjugation

to take care of

docēre

second conjugation

to teach

observāre

first conjugation

to watch

portāre

first conjugation

to carry

pūrgāre

first conjugation

to clean

reprehendere

third conjugation

to scold

surgere

third conjugation

to get up

Nouns

ancilla

ancillae f.

slave-woman, slave

derivative: ancillary

aqua

aquae f.

water

derivatives: aqueous, aquatic

cibus

cibī m.

food

māter

mātris f.

mother

derivatives: matriarch, maternity

omnēs

m./f.

everyone

omnia

everything

note: can be nominative or accusative

pater

patris m.

father

derivatives: paternalistic, patrimony

Adjectives

omnēs

omnia

every, all

Adverbs

etiam

also, even

mox

soon

nōndum

not yet

nunc

now

derivative: quidnunc

strēnuē

strenuously, hard

tamen

however

Prepositions

per

(takes accusative)

through

Prepositional Phrases

per silvam

(accusative singular)

through the woods

Conjunctions

neque

and...not

neque...neque

neither...nor

Other Phrases

necesse est

it is necessary

Settings

Additional Resources:

Verbs

Verbs (Conjugated)

Infinitives

Nouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Prepositions

Prepositional Phrases

Conjunctions

Other Phrases